{"id":87326,"date":"2022-06-14T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-06-13T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.growbarato.net\/blog\/what-is-cineole-or-eucalyptol\/"},"modified":"2026-06-15T17:31:14","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T15:31:14","slug":"what-is-cineole-or-eucalyptol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/what-is-cineole-or-eucalyptol\/","title":{"rendered":"What is cineole or eucalyptol?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Cineole<\/strong>, also known as <strong>eucalyptol<\/strong> or <strong>1,8-cineole<\/strong>, is a terpene found in marijuana plants and many other plants in the vegetable kingdom. In fact, it is the <strong>main component<\/strong> of the well-known eucalyptus oil. Do you already know all the properties of cineole? <strong>We explain them all here!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a4c46dbf29a7\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contenido<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a4c46dbf29a7\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/what-is-cineole-or-eucalyptol\/#All_about_terpenes\" >All about terpenes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/what-is-cineole-or-eucalyptol\/#Cineole_structure\" >Cineole structure<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/what-is-cineole-or-eucalyptol\/#Cineole_taste_and_aroma\" >Cineole taste and aroma<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/what-is-cineole-or-eucalyptol\/#Effects_and_benefits_of_cineole\" >Effects and benefits of cineole<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/what-is-cineole-or-eucalyptol\/#Uses_of_cineole\" >Uses of cineole<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/what-is-cineole-or-eucalyptol\/#What_are_the_medicinal_properties_of_cineole\" >What are the medicinal properties of cineole?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/what-is-cineole-or-eucalyptol\/#Thanks_to_its_anti-inflammatory_qualities_cineole_serves_as_a_treatment_for_asthma\" >Thanks to its anti-inflammatory qualities, cineole serves as a treatment for asthma<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/what-is-cineole-or-eucalyptol\/#Cannabis_varieties_rich_in_cineole\" >Cannabis varieties rich in cineole<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/what-is-cineole-or-eucalyptol\/#Super_Silver_Haze\" >Super Silver Haze<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/what-is-cineole-or-eucalyptol\/#Shaman\" >Shaman<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/what-is-cineole-or-eucalyptol\/#Nevilles_Haze\" >Neville\u2019s Haze<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"All_about_terpenes\"><\/span>All about terpenes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/674-terpenes\">Terpenes<\/a> are chemical substances generated by plants, responsible for giving them their <strong>organoleptic qualities<\/strong>. Thus, the taste and smell of plants are achieved thanks to terpenes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The function of terpenes is <strong>defense<\/strong> against external agents such as insects or other animals. These organisms detest the smells and tastes generated by terpenes, so they do not approach the plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cineole is one of the best-known terpenes, discovered in <strong>1870<\/strong> by <strong>Fran\u00e7ois Stanislas<\/strong>. Being so popular, it has been studied extensively for its <strong>potential medical applications<\/strong>. Not only in this field, but it is also a terpene widely found in the food, perfumery, cosmetic, and insecticide industries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cineole_structure\"><\/span><strong>Cineole structure<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Paying attention to the <strong>molecular structure<\/strong> of cineole, it is a <strong>monoterpene<\/strong>. If you have paid attention to the latest posts, you will know that monoterpenes are conjugations of <strong>10 hydrocarbon atoms<\/strong>, due to the synergy of two isoprene units.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Its boiling point is <strong>176 \u00b0C<\/strong> and in appearance it is a <strong>colorless and transparent liquid<\/strong>. It cannot be mixed with water but can be mixed with ethanol (alcohol), chloroform, and other chemical substances, such as ether.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In marijuana plants, cineole is generated in the <strong>trichomes<\/strong>. As a curiosity, it is the <strong>sativa varieties<\/strong> that have the highest levels of this terpene.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cineole_taste_and_aroma\"><\/span><strong>Cineole taste and aroma<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Both the <strong>aroma<\/strong> and <strong>taste<\/strong> of cineole are quite mentholated, fresh, and powerful, also somewhat spicy. As we have already mentioned, it is not only found in marijuana, but also in <strong>numerous plants<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Eucalyptus<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tea tree<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bay leaves<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sweet basil<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mugwort<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cannabis Sativa, L.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.growbarato.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/eucalipol.jpg\" alt=\"Eucalipol\" class=\"wp-image-156496\" title=\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el cineol o eucaliptol?\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/eucalipol.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/eucalipol-300x135.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/eucalipol-768x346.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>It is precisely because of its peculiar aroma that it is the main component of numerous <strong>essential oils<\/strong>, such as eucalyptus oil. It is also present in rosemary oil, both used for <strong>therapeutic purposes<\/strong>. Later on, we will go into detail about the medicinal properties of this terpene.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Effects_and_benefits_of_cineole\"><\/span><strong>Effects and benefits of cineole<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As we mentioned earlier, cineole is found, above all, in sativa or sativa-dominant varieties. Specifically, the presence of this terpene in <strong>sativas is 5%<\/strong>, while in <strong>indicas it is 1%<\/strong>. Thus, it has been suggested that the synergy of this terpene <strong>with THC<\/strong> is what causes the <strong>psychoactive stimulating effect<\/strong> in marijuana varieties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Its effects and its organoleptic qualities detailed above have made cineole an ideal terpene to be <strong>used in various industries<\/strong>: from food, through cosmetics and perfumery, to pharmaceuticals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uses_of_cineole\"><\/span>Uses of cineole<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>For its part, in <strong>food<\/strong> it is used as a flavor enhancer, however, always in concentrations <strong>below 0.002%<\/strong>. Doses that are too high in cineole could become <strong>toxic<\/strong> to our body. However, in the uses we give this terpene, the amounts are quite small.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Like any terpene, its main functionality is to <strong>repel insects<\/strong> naturally. That is why it is also on the list of ingredients for numerous <strong>insecticides<\/strong>. As a curiosity, and despite its repellent quality, cineole has commonly been used to <strong>attract bees<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In <strong>cosmetics<\/strong>, it is usually found in lotions, essential oil blends, and balms, mainly because of its good aromatic profile. Although it has also been found to have numerous medicinal properties, hence its use in the <strong>pharmacological industry<\/strong>. We will detail them below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_medicinal_properties_of_cineole\"><\/span><strong>What are the medicinal properties of cineole?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It has been discovered that cineole has numerous <strong>therapeutic<\/strong> and medicinal properties. To reach these conclusions, the scientific community has invested time and money in researching its potential medicinal effects on our body. Here is a list:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Improvement of memory and cognitive learning:<\/strong> a study conducted by the Natural Health Research Institute in 2012 discovered these potential benefits through a study on 20 people. They underwent various mathematical tests and, after inhaling rosemary oil (rich in cineole), the responses were given much faster and more accurately.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Combats Alzheimer&#8217;s:<\/strong> following the previous study, the scientific community put cineole in the spotlight as a possible treatment for Alzheimer&#8217;s. The peculiarity of this terpene is that it can easily cross the blood-brain barrier and produce direct effects on the brain.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>It is an expectorant:<\/strong> through steam inhalations and eucalyptus infusions, it is used to fight common colds.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thanks_to_its_anti-inflammatory_qualities_cineole_serves_as_a_treatment_for_asthma\"><\/span><strong>Thanks to its anti-inflammatory qualities, cineole serves as a treatment for asthma<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Anti-inflammatory:<\/strong> in 2014, the University Hospital of Bonn (Germany) discovered that cineole has anti-inflammatory medicinal properties. Therefore, it is perfect for treating asthma, which is an inflammatory disease of the airways. As with asthma, it is also a good treatment to alleviate the symptoms of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Thus, another German study from 2009, in which more than 200 patients with this disease participated, showed that the administration of cineole would help reduce the number, severity, and duration of exacerbations (one of the most advanced symptoms).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image wp-image-46956\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.growbarato.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/efectos-eucaliptol.jpg\" alt=\"Effects of eucaliptol\" class=\"wp-image-156491\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/efectos-eucaliptol.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/efectos-eucaliptol-300x135.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/efectos-eucaliptol-768x346.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Antioxidant:<\/strong> as a good antioxidant, cineole helps neutralize free radicals in our body before they damage our DNA. In addition, it slows down the onset of heart disease, among other pathologies associated with aging.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Anticancer:<\/strong> a 2002 study concluded that cineole induces apoptosis through a trial in which this terpene was administered to human leukemia cell lines. Apoptosis is an automatic process in our body that causes cells to die to promote cell regeneration. When there is a lack or too much apoptosis, this can cause serious problems such as the generation of tumors.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Antibacterial:<\/strong> it is known that cineole is an ideal antibacterial, especially against some strains such as Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus. The latter is quite well known, as it generates some diseases such as impetigo, skin abscesses, or wound infections, among others.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cannabis_varieties_rich_in_cineole\"><\/span><strong>Cannabis varieties rich in cineole<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Are you interested in the numerous and <strong>incredible properties<\/strong> of this terpene? Well, here we are going to present some of the varieties rich in cineole:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Super_Silver_Haze\"><\/span><strong>Super Silver Haze<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/green-house-feminized-seeds\/1322-super-silver-haze-marijuana-seeds.html\">Super Silver Haze<\/a> is a true champion, as it is a winner of several <strong>High Times Cannabis Cups<\/strong>. Its high levels of <strong>THC<\/strong>, which reach <strong>22%<\/strong>, give it a perfect energizing <strong>effect<\/strong> combined with a feeling of peace, harmony, and clarity. This combination of Haze x Northern Lights x Skunk#1 will give you an incense-like <strong>taste and aroma<\/strong> with citrus and earthy undertones. The sativa-dominant strain can be used at a <strong>therapeutic level<\/strong> as an expectorant, analgesic, anxiolytic, and to combat migraines.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>[ppgbo product=&#8221;1322&#8243; language=&#8221;en&#8221;]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shaman\"><\/span><strong>Shaman<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This <strong>sativa-dominant<\/strong> strain was born in the 1980s and, according to its seed bank, is a very elegant and distinctive variety. The <strong>effect<\/strong> of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/dutch-passion-feminized\/801-shaman.html\">Shaman<\/a> does not disappoint, as it is very energetic and euphoric on a physical and mental level. It will give us one of the best <strong>mental trips<\/strong>, perfect for reflection. As for its <strong>aroma<\/strong>, it is quite fresh and clear with notes of mint, cinnamon, sage, basil, vanilla, lilac, different citrus fruits, and even sugar. As we can see, it is a variety with <strong>many nuances<\/strong> in its aroma, which will be noticed much more when tasting it.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>[ppgbo product=&#8221;801&#8243; language=&#8221;en&#8221;]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nevilles_Haze\"><\/span><strong>Neville\u2019s Haze<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/green-house-feminized-seeds\/1324-nevilles-haze-marijuana-seeds.html\">Neville&#8217;s Haze<\/a><\/strong> takes the name of one of the best-known cannabis breeders in the world and the father of most current seed banks: <strong>Neville Shoenmakers<\/strong>. This variety is the result of the cross between Northern Lights 5 x Haze and was created in the 70s. As a good sativa, it offers us a mainly mental and quite psychedelic <strong>effect<\/strong>, which we can thank for its <strong>high levels of THC<\/strong> and the presence of cineole. For its part, its <strong>aroma and taste<\/strong> are quite fruity, tropical, incense-like, and sweet.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>[ppgbo product=&#8221;1324&#8243; language=&#8221;en&#8221;]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As we have seen, cineole is a quite important terpene, and we are lucky that it is present in our favorite marijuana varieties. <strong>Do you want to continue learning about terpenes?<\/strong> Keep reading!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<div style='text-align:center' class='yasr-auto-insert-visitor'><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cineole, also known as eucalyptol or 1,8-cineole, is a terpene found in marijuana plants and many other plants in the vegetable kingdom. In fact, it is the main component of the well-known eucalyptus oil. Do you already know all the properties of cineole? We explain them all here! All about terpenes Terpenes are chemical substances\u2026 <span class=\"leermas\" onclick=\"window.location.href='https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/what-is-cineole-or-eucalyptol\/'\">Continue reading<\/span ><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":155785,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wprm-recipe-roundup-name":"","wprm-recipe-roundup-description":"","yasr_overall_rating":0,"yasr_post_is_review":"","yasr_auto_insert_disabled":"","yasr_review_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-87326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticias-marihuana"],"yasr_visitor_votes":{"stars_attributes":{"read_only":false,"span_bottom":false},"number_of_votes":1,"sum_votes":5},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87326","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=87326"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87326\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":235847,"href":"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87326\/revisions\/235847"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/155785"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=87326"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=87326"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gbthegreenbrand.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=87326"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}